AN101 Vishay Semiconductors, AN101 Datasheet

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AN101

Manufacturer Part Number
AN101
Description
MOSFETs
Manufacturer
Vishay Semiconductors
Datasheet

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An Introduction to FETs
Introduction
The basic principle of the field-effect transistor (FET) has
been known since J. E. Lilienfeld’s patent of 1925. The
theoretical description of a FET made by Shockley in
1952 paved the way for development of a classic electron-
ic device which provides the designer the means to ac-
complish nearly every circuit function. At one time, the
field-effect transistor was known as a “unipolar” transis-
tor. The term refers to the fact that current is transported
by carriers of one polarity (majority), whereas in the con-
ventional bipolar transistor carriers of both polarities
(majority and minority) are involved.
This Application Note provides an insight into the nature of
the FET, and touches briefly on its basic characteristics, ter-
minology, parameters, and typical applications.
The following list of FET applications indicates the ver-
satility of the FET family:
Updates to this app note may be obtained via facsimile by calling Siliconix FaxBack, 1-408-970-5600. Please request FaxBack document #70594.
Siliconix
10-Mar-97
Amplifiers
Current Limiters
Voltage-Controlled Resistors
Mixers
Oscillators
Small Signal
Low Distortion
High Gain
Low Noise
Selectivity
DC
High-Frequency
n
Switches
Protection Diodes
Depletion
Chopper-Type
Analog Gate
Communicator
Low-leakage
p
Junction
Figure 1. FET Family Tree
Enhancement
Not Possible
FETs
The family tree of FET devices (Figure 1) may be divided
into two main branches, Junction FETs (JFETs) and Insu-
lated Gate FETs (or MOSFETs, metal-oxide- semicon-
ductor field-effect transistors). Junction FETs are in-
herently depletion-mode devices, and are available in
both n- and p-channel configurations. MOSFETs are
available in both enhancement and depletion modes, and
also exist as both n- and p-channel devices. The two main
FET groups depend on different phenomena for their op-
eration, and will be discussed separately.
Junction FETs
In its most elementary form, this transistor consists of a
piece of high-resistivity semiconductor material (usually
silicon) which constitutes a channel for the majority carri-
er flow. The magnitude of this current is controlled by a
voltage applied to a gate, which is a reverse-biased pn
junction formed along the channel. Implicit in this de-
scription is the fundamental difference between JFET and
bipolar devices: when the JFET junction is reverse-biased
the gate current is practically zero, whereas the base cur-
rent of the bipolar transistor is always some value greater
than zero. The JFET is a high-input resistance device,
while the input resistance of the bipolar transistor is com-
paratively low. If the channel is doped with a donor impu-
rity, n-type material is formed and the channel current
will consist of electrons. If the channel is doped with an
acceptor impurity, p-type material will be formed and the
channel current will consist of holes. N-channel devices
have greater conductivity than p-channel types, since
electrons have higher mobility than do holes; thus n-chan-
nel JFETs are approximately twice as efficient conductors
compared to their p-channel counterparts.
n
Depletion
p
MOS
Enhancement
n
p
AN101
1

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AN101 Summary of contents

Page 1

... N-channel devices have greater conductivity than p-channel types, since electrons have higher mobility than do holes; thus n-chan- nel JFETs are approximately twice as efficient conductors compared to their p-channel counterparts. FETs MOS Enhancement Depletion Enhancement Not Possible Figure 1. FET Family Tree AN101 p 1 ...

Page 2

... AN101 In addition to the channel material, a JFET contains two ohmic (non-rectifying) contacts: the source and the drain. These are shown in Figure 2. Since a symmetrical geome- try is shown in the idealized JFET chip immaterial which contact is called the source and which is called the drain; the JFET will conduct current equally well in either direction and the source and drain leads are usually inter- changeable ...

Page 3

... The resulting gate cur- rent is extremely small – –V GS – GS(off) 5b) Circuit Arrangement for N-Channel FET Figure 5. AN101 and V control the channel cur- DS has little and V . Note that the direction greater than V , the channel cur- P alone, because ...

Page 4

... AN101 MOSFETs The metal-oxide-semiconductor FET (MOSFET) depends on the fact that it is not actually necessary to form a semi- conductor junction on the channel of a FET to achieve gate control of the channel current MOSFET, the metallic or polysilicon gate is isolated from the channel by a thin lay silicon dioxide (Figure 6a). Although the bottom of the ...

Page 5

... DMOS FET. Consequently, the vertical and lat- eral DMOS FETs complement each other in a wide selection of applications. AN101 Gate Drain Metal Oxide N+ P N– ...

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