LTC1558-5 Linear Technology, LTC1558-5 Datasheet - Page 12

• Manufacturer Part Number: LTC1558-5
• Description: Backup Battery Controller with Programmable Output
• Manufacturer: Linear Technology

APPLICATIONS
LTC1558-3.3/LTC1558-5
In these cases, the LTC1558 assumes that the backup cell
is exhausted and presets the gas gauge counter to a
default capacity of 128mAhr. It then initiates a recharge
cycle.
Setting the gas gauge to this default value results in a fast
recharge cycle long enough to replenish 1.6 times 128mAhr
of charge into the backup cell (13.9 hours). If the backup
cell is actually exhausted, it will be fully recharged. If the
battery is partially or fully charged, or is significantly
smaller than 128mAhr capacity, the extra charging time
will be wasted. However, the LTC1558’s 15mA fast charge
current should not be high enough to damage the cell.
Once the full-count recharge has been completed, the
backup cell is assumed to be fully charged and subsequent
backup/recharge cycles resume normally.
Although the LTC1558 will not fully recharge backup cells
larger than 128mAhr capacity upon power-up, it can still
be used with such cells. Such a cell will be fully replenished
by the subsequent trickle charge cycle. Under most con-
ditions, even a partially charged large cell will still be
capable of supporting several hours of backup. For ex-
ample, a small 60mAhr button cell can back up the system
for 20 minutes at an output power of 100mW. Note that at
lower programmed V
ciency improves and allows more backup time from the
same cell compared to a higher V
Once it reaches full recharge, a cell bigger than 512mAhr
is likely to overrun the gas gauge counter before it runs out
of charge during an extended backup cycle. The LTC1558
gas gauge counter will not roll over if this occurs; it will
stay at full count until the backup cycle ends and then
partially recharge the cell with a full count cycle as above.
Very short backup cycles (< 32s) may not extract enough
charge from the backup cell to increment the gas gauge
counter at all. To ensure that the backup cell is not slowly
“nibbled” away, the gas gauge counter is always
incremented by 1mAhr each time the controller comes out
of backup. This ensures that the backup cell is always
replenished with at least a 1mAhr charge every time the
LTC1558 enters backup mode.
12
U
BAK
INFORMATION
values, the boost converter effi-
U
BAK
W
value.
U
Battery Backup Cell Trickle Charge
When the gas gauge counter reaches zero, the LTC1558
terminates fast recharge and reduces the recharge current
to the user-programmed trickle current level. The LTC1558
provides a trickle current that the user can program from
50 A to 2mA. The trickle current is set by an external
resistor from the positive terminal of the backup cell to the
CTL pin. In trickle charge mode, CTL is regulated to 0.5V,
resulting in a CTL pin current of (V
current is internally multiplied to feed back ten times the
R
trickle charges only after the completion of the fast re-
charge cycle, the backup cell voltage should be very close
to 1.2V. This simplifies the calculation of the R
value. For example, a 47k resistor from V
the trickle charge current to approximately 150 A.
Undervoltage Lockout
The LTC1558 includes an undervoltage lockout (UVLO)
system that ensures that the system will shutdown grace-
fully if the backup cell is exhausted or overloaded. As
described in the previous section, the LTC1558 will
EXT
current into the backup battery. Since the LTC1558
1.2V
NiCd
CELL
+
Figure 4. Trickle Current Charger
47 F
10I
+
–
R
CTL
I
EXT
0.5V
–
+
SW
1
BAT
– 0.5)/R
BAT
LTC1558
to CTL sets
EXT
11
EXT
V
1558 F04
resistor
CC
. This