ATMEGA169-16AI Atmel, ATMEGA169-16AI Datasheet - Page 131
![IC AVR MCU 16K 16MHZ IND TQFP](/photos/12/13/121332/313-64-tqfp_sml.jpg)
ATMEGA169-16AI
Manufacturer Part Number
ATMEGA169-16AI
Description
IC AVR MCU 16K 16MHZ IND TQFP
Manufacturer
Atmel
Series
AVR® ATmegar
Specifications of ATMEGA169-16AI
Core Processor
AVR
Core Size
8-Bit
Speed
16MHz
Connectivity
SPI, UART/USART, USI
Peripherals
Brown-out Detect/Reset, LCD, POR, PWM, WDT
Number Of I /o
54
Program Memory Size
16KB (8K x 16)
Program Memory Type
FLASH
Eeprom Size
512 x 8
Ram Size
1K x 8
Voltage - Supply (vcc/vdd)
2.7 V ~ 5.5 V
Data Converters
A/D 8x10b
Oscillator Type
Internal
Operating Temperature
-40°C ~ 85°C
Package / Case
64-TQFP, 64-VQFP
For Use With
ATAVRBFLY - KIT EVALUATION AVR BUTTERFLYATSTK502 - MOD EXPANSION AVR STARTER 500
Lead Free Status / RoHS Status
Contains lead / RoHS non-compliant
Available stocks
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Phase Correct PWM Mode
2514P–AVR–07/06
The Timer/Counter Overflow Flag (TOV2) is set each time the counter reaches MAX. If
the interrupt is enabled, the interrupt handler routine can be used for updating the com-
pare value.
In fast PWM mode, the compare unit allows generation of PWM waveforms on the
OC2A pin. Setting the COM2A1:0 bits to two will produce a non-inverted PWM and an
inverted PWM output can be generated by setting the COM2A1:0 to three (See Table 63
on page 136). The actual OC2A value will only be visible on the port pin if the data direc-
tion for the port pin is set as output. The PWM waveform is generated by setting (or
clearing) the OC2A Register at the compare match between OCR2A and TCNT2, and
clearing (or setting) the OC2A Register at the timer clock cycle the counter is cleared
(changes from MAX to BOTTOM).
The PWM frequency for the output can be calculated by the following equation:
The N variable represents the prescale factor (1, 8, 32, 64, 128, 256, or 1024).
The extreme values for the OCR2A Register represent special cases when generating a
PWM waveform output in the fast PWM mode. If the OCR2A is set equal to BOTTOM,
the output will be a narrow spike for each MAX+1 timer clock cycle. Setting the OCR2A
equal to MAX will result in a constantly high or low output (depending on the polarity of
the output set by the COM2A1:0 bits.)
A frequency (with 50% duty cycle) waveform output in fast PWM mode can be achieved
by setting OC2A to toggle its logical level on each compare match (COM2A1:0 = 1). The
waveform generated will have a maximum frequency of f
set to zero. This feature is similar to the OC2A toggle in CTC mode, except the double
buffer feature of the Output Compare unit is enabled in the fast PWM mode.
The phase correct PWM mode (WGM21:0 = 1) provides a high resolution phase correct
PWM waveform generation option. The phase correct PWM mode is based on a dual-
slope operation. The counter counts repeatedly from BOTTOM to MAX and then from
MAX to BOTTOM. In non-inverting Compare Output mode, the Output Compare (OC2A)
is cleared on the compare match between TCNT2 and OCR2A while upcounting, and
set on the compare match while downcounting. In inverting Output Compare mode, the
operation is inverted. The dual-slope operation has lower maximum operation frequency
than single slope operation. However, due to the symmetric feature of the dual-slope
PWM modes, these modes are preferred for motor control applications.
The PWM resolution for the phase correct PWM mode is fixed to eight bits. In phase
correct PWM mode the counter is incremented until the counter value matches MAX.
When the counter reaches MAX, it changes the count direction. The TCNT2 value will
be equal to MAX for one timer clock cycle. The timing diagram for the phase correct
PWM mode is shown on Figure 59. The TCNT2 value is in the timing diagram shown as
a histogram for illustrating the dual-slope operation. The diagram includes non-inverted
and inverted PWM outputs. The small horizontal line marks on the TCNT2 slopes repre-
sent compare matches between OCR2A and TCNT2.
f
OCnxPWM
=
----------------- -
N 256
f
clk_I/O
⋅
oc2
ATmega169/V
= f
clk_I/O
/2 when OCR2A is
131
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