HT36M4 Holtek Semiconductor Inc., HT36M4 Datasheet - Page 10

• Manufacturer Part Number: HT36M4
• Description: Ht36m4 -- Music Synthesizer 8-bit Mcu
• Manufacturer: Holtek Semiconductor Inc.

Oscillator Configuration
The HT36M4 provides two types of oscillator circuit for
the system clock, i.e., RC oscillator and crystal oscilla-
tor. No matter what type of oscillator, the signal divided
by 2 is used for the system clock (f
HALT mode stops the system oscillator and ignores ex-
ternal signal to conserve power. If the RC oscillator is
used, an external resistor between OSC1 and VSS is re-
quired, and the range of the resistance should be from
30k
(f
pull-high resistor, which can be used to synchronize ex-
ternal logic. The RC oscillator provides the most cost ef-
fective solution. However, the frequency of the
oscillation may vary with VDD, temperature, and the
chip itself due to process variations. It is therefore, not
suitable for timing sensitive operations where accurate
oscillator frequency is desired.
On the other hand, if the crystal oscillator is selected, a
crystal across OSC1 and OSC2 is needed to provide the
feedback and phase shift required for the oscillator, and
no other external components are required. A resonator
may be connected between OSC1 and OSC2 to replace
the crystal and to get a frequency reference, but two ex-
ternal capacitors in OSC1 and OSC2 are required.
The WDT oscillator is a free running on-chip RC oscilla-
tor, and no external components are required. Even if
the system enters the power down mode, the system
clock is stopped, but the WDT oscillator still works with a
period of approximately 78 s. The WDT oscillator can
be disabled by mask option to conserve power.
Watchdog Timer - WDT
The WDT clock source is implemented by a dedicated
RC oscillator (WDT oscillator) or instruction clock (sys-
tem clock of the MCU divided by 4), determined by mask
options. This timer is designed to prevent a software
Rev. 1.10
OSC2
=f
to 680k . The system clock, divided by 4
SYS
/4=f
OSC
System Oscillator
/8), is available on OSC2 with
SYS
=f
OSC
/2). The
Watchdog Timer
10
malfunction or sequence jumping to an unknown loca-
tion with unpredictable results. The Watchdog Timer can
be disabled by mask option. If the Watchdog Timer is
disabled, all executions related to the WDT result in no
operation.
Once the internal WDT oscillator (RC oscillator with a
period of 78 s normally) is selected, it is first divided by
256 (8-stages) to get the nominal time-out period of ap-
proximately 20ms. This time-out period may vary with
temperature, VDD and process variations. By invoking
the WDT prescaler, longer time-out periods can be real-
ized. Writing data to WS2, WS1, WS0 (bits 2, 1, 0 of the
WDTS) can give different time-out periods. If WS2,
WS1, WS0 all equal to 1, the division ratio is up to 1:128,
and the maximum time-out period is 2.6 seconds.
If the WDT oscillator is disabled, the WDT clock may still
come from the instruction clock and operate in the same
manner except that in the HALT state the WDT may stop
counting and lose its protecting purpose. In this situation
the logic can only be restarted by external logic. The
high nibble and bit 3 of the WDTS are reserved for user
defined flags, and the programmer may use these flags
to indicate some specified status.
If the device operates in a noisy environment, using the
on-chip RC oscillator (WDT OSC) is strongly recom-
mended, since the HALT will stop the system clock.
The WDT overflow under normal operation will initialize
a chip reset and set the status bit TO. Whereas in the
HALT mode, the overflow will initialize a warm reset
only the Program Counter and Stack Pointer are reset to
zero. To clear the WDT contents (including the WDT
prescaler), three methods are implemented; external re-
set (a low level to RES), software instructions, or a HALT
WS2
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
WS1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
WS0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Division Ratio
March 14, 2007
1:128
1:16
1:32
1:64
1:1
1:2
1:4
1:8
HT36M4