LMX1600EVAL National Semiconductor, LMX1600EVAL Datasheet - Page 6

• Manufacturer Part Number: LMX1600EVAL
• Manufacturer: National Semiconductor

Specifications of LMX1600EVAL

• Lead Free Status / Rohs Status: Not Compliant

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1.0 Functional Description
The basic phase-lock-loop (PLL) configuration consists of a
high-stability crystal reference oscillator, a frequency synthe-
sizer such as the National Semiconductor LMX1600/01/02, a
voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), and a passive loop filter.
The frequency synthesizer includes a phase detector, cur-
rent mode charge pump, as well as programmable reference
[R], and feedback [N] frequency dividers. The VCO fre-
quency is established by dividing the crystal reference signal
down via the R counter to obtain the comparison frequency.
This reference signal, fr, is then presented to the input of a
phase/frequency detector and compared with another signal,
fp, the feedback signal, which was obtained by dividing the
VCO frequency down using the N counter. The phase/
frequency detector’s current source outputs pump charge
into the loop filter, which then converts the charge into the
VCO’s control voltage. The phase/frequency comparator’s
function is to adjust the voltage presented to the VCO until
the feedback signal’s frequency (and phase) match that of
the reference signal. When this “phase-locked” condition
exists, the VCO’s frequency will be N times that of the
comparison frequency, where N is the divider ratio.
1.1 REFERENCE OSCILLATOR INPUTS
The reference oscillator frequency for the Main and Aux
PLL’s is provided by either an external reference through the
OSC
to a 30 pF capacitor to ground in Logic Mode, or an external
crystal resonator across the OSC
Crystal Mode (See Programming Description 2.5.3). The
OSC
MHz in Crystal Mode with an input sensitivity of 0.5 V
OSC
have a ∼ 1.2V input threshold and can be driven from an
external CMOS or TTL logic gate. The OSC
connected to the output of a Temperature Compensated
Crystal Oscillator (TCXO).
1.2 REFERENCE DIVIDERS (R COUNTERS)
The Main and Aux R Counters are clocked through the
oscillator block in common. The maximum frequency is 40
MHz in Logic Mode or 20 MHz in crystal Mode. Both R
Counters are 12-bit CMOS counters with a divide range from
2 to 4,095. (See Programming Description 2.2)
1.3 FEEDBACK DIVIDERS (N COUNTERS)
The Main and Aux N Counters are clocked by the small
signal fin Main and fin Aux input pins respectively. These
inputs should be AC coupled through external capacitors.
The Main N counter has an 16-bit equivalent integer divisor
configured as a 5-bit A Counter and an 11-bit B Counter
offering a continuous divide range from 992 to 65,535 (2
GHz option) or a 4-bit A Counter and a 12-bit B Counter
offering a continuous divide range from 240 to 65,535 (1.1
GHz option). The Main N divider incorporates a 32/33 dual
modulus prescaler capable of operation from 200 MHz to 2.0
GHz or a 16/17 dual modulus prescaler capable of operation
from 100 MHz to 1.1 GHz.
The Aux N divider operates from 100 MHz to 1.1 GHz with a
16/17 prescaler or from 40 MHz to 500 MHz with a 8/9
prescaler. The Aux N counter is a 16-bit integer divider fully
programmable from 240 to 65,535 over the frequency range
of 100 MHz to 1.1 GHz or from 56 to 32,767 over the
frequency range of 40 MHz to 550 MHz. The Aux N counter
IN
IN
IN
pin with the OSC
input can operate to 40 MHz in Logic Mode or to 20
pin drives the Main and Aux R counters. The inputs
OUT
pin not connected or connected
IN
and OSC
IN
pin is typically
OUT
PP
pins in
. The
6
is configured as a 4-bit A Counter and a 12-bit B Counter.
These inputs should be AC coupled through external capaci-
tors. (See Programming Description 2.3)
1.3.1 Prescalers
The RF input to the prescalers consists of the fin pins which
are one of two complimentary inputs to a differential pair
amplifier. The complimentary inputs are internally coupled to
ground with a 10 pF capacitor and not brought out to a pin.
The input buffer drives the A counter’s ECL D-type flip flops
in a dual modulus configuration. A 32/33 for 2.0 GHz option,
16/17 for 1.1 GHz option, or 8/9 for 500 MHz option prescale
ratio is provided for the LMX1600/01/02. The prescaler
clocks the subsequent CMOS flip-flop chain comprising the
fully programmable A and B counters.
1.4 PHASE/FREQUENCY DETECTOR
The Main and Aux phase(/frequency) detectors are driven
from their respective N and R counter outputs. The maxi-
mum frequency at the phase detector inputs is 10 MHz
(unless limited by the minimum continuous divide ratio of the
multi modulus prescalers). The phase detector outputs con-
trol the charge pumps. The polarity of the pump-up or pump-
down control is programmed using Main_PD_Pol or
Aux_PD_Pol depending on whether Main or Aux VCO char-
acteristics are positive or negative. (See Programming De-
scription 2.4) The phase detector also receives a feedback
signal from the charge pump in order to eliminate dead zone.
1.5 CHARGE PUMP
The phase detector’s current source outputs pump charge
into an external loop filter, which then converts the charge
into the VCO’s control voltage. The charge pumps steer the
charge pump output, CPo, to V
(pump-down). When locked, CPo is primarily in a TRI-
STATE mode with small corrections. The charge pump out-
put current magnitude can be selected as 160 µA or 1600 µA
using bits AUX_CP_GAIN and MAIN_CP_GAIN as shown
in Programming Description 2.4.
1.6 MICROWIRE SERIAL INTERFACE
The programmable functions are accessed through the MI-
CROWIRE serial interface. The interface is made of 3 func-
tions: clock, data, and latch enable (LE). Serial data for the
various counters is clocked in from data on the rising edge of
clock, into the 18-bit shift register. Data is entered MSB first.
The last two bits decode the internal register address. On the
rising edge of LE, data stored in the shift register is loaded
into one of the 4 appropriate latches (selected by address
bits). Data is loaded from the latch to the counter when
counter reaches to zero. A complete programming descrip-
tion is included in the following sections.
1.7 FoLD MULTIFUNCTION OUTPUT
The LMX1600/01/02 programmable output pin (FoLD) can
deliver the internal counter outputs, digital lock detects, or
CMOS high/low levels.
1.7.1 Lock Detect
A digital filtered lock detect function is included with each
phase detector through an internal digital filter to produce a
logic level output available on the Fo/LD output pin, if se-
lected. The lock detect output is high when the error between
the phase detector inputs is less than 15 ns for 4 consecutive
CC
(pump-up) or ground