ISL6255 INTERSIL [Intersil Corporation], ISL6255 Datasheet - Page 13
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ISL6255
Manufacturer Part Number
ISL6255
Description
Highly Integrated Battery Charger with Automatic Power Source Selector for Notebook Computers
Manufacturer
INTERSIL [Intersil Corporation]
Datasheet
1.ISL6255.pdf
(22 pages)
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Theory of Operation
Introduction
The ISL6255, ISL6255A includes all of the functions
necessary to charge 2 to 4 cell Li-Ion and Li-polymer
batteries. A high efficiency synchronous buck converter is
used to control the charging voltage and charging current up
to 10A. The ISL6255, ISL6255A has input current limiting
and analog inputs for setting the charge current and charge
voltage; CHLIM inputs are used to control charge current
and VADJ inputs are used to control charge voltage.
The ISL6255, ISL6255A charges the battery with constant
charge current, set by CHLIM input, until the battery voltage
rises up to a programmed charge voltage set by VADJ input;
then the charger begins to operate at a constant voltage
charge mode. The charger also drives an adapter isolation
p-channel MOSFET to efficiently switch in the adapter
supply.
ISL6255, ISL6255A is a complete power source selection
controller for single battery systems and also aircraft power
applications. It drives a battery selector p-channel MOSFET
to efficiently select between a single battery and the adapter.
It controls the battery discharging MOSFET and switches to
the battery when the AC adapter is removed, or, switches to
the AC adapter when the AC adapter is inserted for single
battery system.
The EN input allows shutdown of the charger through a
command from a micro-controller. It also uses EN to safely
shutdown the charger when the battery is in extremely hot
conditions. The amount of adapter current is reported on the
ICM output. Figure 14 shows the IC functional block
diagram.
The synchronous buck converter uses external N-channel
MOSFETs to convert the input voltage to the required
charging current and charging voltage. Figure 15 shows the
ISL6255, ISL6255A typical application circuit with charging
current and charging voltage fixed at specific values. The
typical application circuit shown in Figure 16 shows the
ISL6255, ISL6255A typical application circuit which uses a
micro-controller to adjust the charging current set by CHLIM
input for aircraft power applications. The voltage at CHLIM
and the value of R1 sets the charging current. The DC/DC
converter generates the control signals to drive two external
N-channel MOSFETs to regulate the voltage and current set
by the ACLIM, CHLIM, VADJ and CELLS inputs.
The ISL6255, ISL6255A features a voltage regulation loop
(VCOMP) and two current regulation loops (ICOMP). The
VCOMP voltage regulation loop monitors CSON to ensure
that its voltage never exceeds the voltage and regulates the
battery charge voltage set by VADJ. The ICOMP current
regulation loops regulate the battery charging current
delivered to the battery to ensure that it never exceeds the
charging current limit set by CHLIM; and the ICOMP current
13
ISL6255, ISL6255A
regulation loops also regulate the input current drawn from
the AC adapter to ensure that it never exceeds the input
current limit set by ACLIM, and to prevent a system crash
and AC adapter overload.
PWM Control
The ISL6255, ISL6255A employs a fixed frequency PWM
current mode control architecture with a feed-forward
function. The feed-forward function maintains a constant
modulator gain of 11 to achieve fast line regulation as the
buck input voltage changes. When the battery charge
voltage approaches the input voltage, the DC/DC converter
operates in dropout mode, where there is a timer to prevent
the frequency from dropping into the audible frequency
range. It can achieve duty cycle of up to 99.6%.
To prevent boosting of the system bus voltage, the battery
charger operates in standard-buck mode when CSOP-
CSON drops below 4.25mV. Once in standard-buck mode,
hysteresis does not allow synchronous operation of the
DC/DC converter until CSOP-CSON rises above 12.5mV.
An adaptive gate drive scheme is used to control the dead
time between two switches. The dead time control circuit
monitors the LGATE output and prevents the upper side
MOSFET from turning on until LGATE is fully off, preventing
cross-conduction and shoot-through. In order for the dead
time circuit to work properly, there must be a low resistance,
low inductance path from the LGATE driver to MOSFET
gate, and from the source of MOSFET to PGND. The
external Schottky diode is between the VDDP pin and BOOT
pin to keep the bootstrap capacitor charged.
Setting the Battery Regulation Voltage
The ISL6255, ISL6255A uses a high-accuracy trimmed
band-gap voltage reference to regulate the battery charging
voltage. The VADJ input adjusts the charger output voltage,
and the VADJ control voltage can vary from 0 to VREF,
providing a 10% adjustment range (from 4.2V-5% to
4.2V+5%) on CSON regulation voltage. An overall voltage
accuracy of better than 0.5% is achieved.
The per-cell battery termination voltage is a function of the
battery chemistry. Consult the battery manufacturers to
determine this voltage.
• Float VADJ to set the battery voltage V
• Connect VADJ to VREF to set 4.41V × number of cells,
• Connect VADJ to ground to set 3.99V × number of the
So, the maximum battery voltage of 17.6V can be achieved.
Note that other battery charge voltages can be set by
connecting a resistor divider from VREF to ground. The
resistor divider should be sized to draw no more than 100µA
from VREF; or connect a low impedance voltage source like
the D/A converter in the micro-controller. The programmed
number of the cells,
cells.
CSON
=4.2V ×
June 17, 2005
FN9203.1