PIC16F877-04E/PT Microchip Technology, PIC16F877-04E/PT Datasheet - Page 74

• Manufacturer Part Number: PIC16F877-04E/PT
• Description: IC MCU FLASH 8KX14 EE 44TQFP
• Manufacturer: Microchip Technology
• Series: PIC® 16Fr

Specifications of PIC16F877-04E/PT

• Core Processor: PIC
• Core Size: 8-Bit
• Speed: 4MHz
• Connectivity: I²C, SPI, UART/USART
• Peripherals: Brown-out Detect/Reset, POR, PWM, WDT
• Number Of I /o: 33
• Program Memory Size: 14KB (8K x 14)
• Program Memory Type: FLASH
• Eeprom Size: 256 x 8
• Ram Size: 368 x 8
• Voltage - Supply (vcc/vdd): 4 V ~ 5.5 V
• Data Converters: A/D 8x10b
• Oscillator Type: External
• Operating Temperature: -40°C ~ 125°C
• Package / Case: 44-TQFP, 44-VQFP
• Lead Free Status / RoHS Status: Lead free / RoHS Compliant
• Other names: PIC16F87704E/PT

PICmicro MID-RANGE MCU FAMILY
4.3
DS31004A-page 4-6
1. MOVLW 55h
2. MOVWF PORTB
3. CALL SUB_1
4. BSF
5. Instruction @ address SUB_1
All instructions are single cycle, except for any program branches. These take two cycles since the fetch
instruction is “flushed” from the pipeline while the new instruction is being fetched and then executed.
Instruction Flow/Pipelining
PORTA, BIT3 (Forced NOP)
An “Instruction Cycle” consists of four Q cycles (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4). Fetch takes one instruction
cycle while decode and execute takes another instruction cycle. However, due to Pipelining, each
instruction effectively executes in one cycle. If an instruction causes the program counter to
change (e.g. GOTO) then an extra cycle is required to complete the instruction
The instruction fetch begins with the program counter incrementing in Q1.
In the execution cycle, the fetched instruction is latched into the “Instruction Register (IR)” in
cycle Q1. This instruction is then decoded and executed during the Q2, Q3, and Q4 cycles. Data
memory is read during Q2 (operand read) and written during Q4 (destination write).
Example 4-1
At time T
tion executes while the second instruction is fetched. During T
cutes while the third instruction is fetched. During T
third instruction (CALL SUB_1) is executed. When the third instruction completes execution, the
CPU forces the address of instruction four onto the Stack and then changes the Program Counter
(PC) to the address of SUB_1. This means that the instruction that was fetched during T
to be “flushed” from the pipeline. During T
the instruction at address SUB_1 is fetched. Finally during T
the instruction at address SUB_1 + 1 is fetched.
Example 4-1: Instruction Pipeline Flow
Fetch 1
CY
T
CY
0, the first instruction is fetched from program memory. During T
shows the operation of the two stage pipeline for the instruction sequence shown.
0
Execute 1
Fetch 2
T
CY
1
Execute 2
Fetch 3
T
CY
CY
2
4, instruction four is flushed (executed as a NOP) and
Execute 3
Fetch 4
CY
T
CY
3, the fourth instruction is fetched while the
3
CY
Fetch SUB_1 Execute SUB_1
5, instruction five is executed and
CY
Flush
T
2, the second instruction exe-
CY
1997 Microchip Technology Inc.
4
CY
Fetch SUB_1 + 1
1, the first instruc-
(Example
T
CY
CY
5
3 needs
4-1).