AT94K05AL-25BQX Atmel, AT94K05AL-25BQX Datasheet - Page 115
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AT94K05AL-25BQX
Manufacturer Part Number
AT94K05AL-25BQX
Description
Manufacturer
Atmel
Datasheet
1.AT94K05AL-25BQX.pdf
(204 pages)
Specifications of AT94K05AL-25BQX
Device System Gates
5000
Propagation Delay Time
12.1ns
Operating Supply Voltage (typ)
3.3V
Operating Supply Voltage (max)
3.6V
Operating Supply Voltage (min)
3V
Operating Temperature Classification
Commercial
Operating Temperature (min)
0C
Operating Temperature (max)
70C
Mounting
Surface Mount
Pin Count
144
Package Type
LQFP
Lead Free Status / RoHS Status
Compliant
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4.28.1.3
4.28.2
1138I–FPSLI–1/08
16-bit Multiplication
Example 3 – Multiply-accumulate Operation
The final example of 8-bit multiplication shows a multiply-accumulate operation. The general for-
mula can be written as:
Typical applications for the multiply-accumulate operation are FIR (Finite Impulse Response)
and IIR (Infinite Impulse Response) filters, PID regulators and FFT (Fast Fourier Transform). For
these applications the FMULS instruction is particularly useful. The main advantage of using the
FMULS instruction instead of the MULS instruction is that the 16-bit result of the FMULS opera-
tion always may be approximated to a (well-defined) 8-bit format, see
Numbers” on page
The new multiply instructions are specifically designed to improve 16-bit multiplication. This sec-
tion presents solutions for using the hardware multiplier to do multiplication with 16-bit operands.
Figure 4-37
with a 32-bit result (C = A • B). AH denotes the high byte and AL the low byte of the A operand.
CMH denotes the middle high byte and CML the middle low byte of the result C. Equal notations
are used for the remaining bytes.
The algorithm is basic for all multiplication. All of the partial 16-bit results are shifted and added
together. The sign extension is necessary for signed numbers only, but note that the carry prop-
agation must still be done for unsigned numbers.
Figure 4-37. 16-bit Multiplication, General Algorithm
c n ( )
in
ldi
muls r19,r18 ; r1:r0 = variable A * variable B
add
adc
=
r18,PINB ; Get the current pin value on port B
r19,b
r16,r0
r17,r1
a n ( )
schematically illustrates the general algorithm for multiplying two 16-bit numbers
×
b
+
118.
; r17:r16 = r18 * r19 + r17:r16
; Load constant b into r19
; r17:r16 += r1:r0
c n 1
(
–
)
AH AL
+
+
+
=
(sign
(sign
AH * BH
CH
ext)
ext)
(sign ext)
CMH
AL * BH
AH * BL
AT94KAL Series FPSLIC
X
BH BL
CML
AL * BL
CL
“Using Fractional
115
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