MIKROE-957 mikroElektronika, MIKROE-957 Datasheet - Page 32

• Manufacturer Part Number: MIKROE-957
• Description: Other Development Tools ASLK PRO ANALOG DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM
• Manufacturer: mikroElektronika

Specifications of MIKROE-957

• Rohs: yes
• Product: Analog System Lab Kit PRO
• Tool Is For Evaluation Of: TL082, MPY634
• Operating Supply Voltage: 2.5 V to 5.5 V
• Description/function: Analog Lab Kit for Undergraduate Engineering
• Maximum Operating Temperature: + 125 C
• Minimum Operating Temperature: - 40 C

~
~
~
~
~
Q
~
Q
N
Second order filters (or biquard filters) are important since they are the building
N
blocks in the construction of
filter can be realized using
N
at [19] for a detailed explanation of active filters.
Second order filter can be used to construct four different types of filters. The transfer
functions for the different filter types are shown in Table 4.1, where
H
V
abbreviated as LPF (Low-pass Filter), HPF (High-pass Filter), BPF (Band Pass Filter),
and BSF (Band Stop Filter). In this experiment, we will describe a universal active
filter, which provides all the four filter functionalities. Figure 4.1 shows a second
V
order universal filter realized using two integrators. Note that there are different
outputs of the circuit that realize LPF, HPF, BPF and BSF functions.
V
V
d
-
H Q
page 32
N
N
~
~
d
~
-
~
~
Q
~
Q
f
N
N
N
2
H
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
d
H Q
4.1 Brief theory and motivation
N
N
V
d
2
V
V
V
V
03
01
02
04
~
0
0
z
~
0
0
0
0
03
i
01
i
02
i
04
i
~
~
0
=
th
0
0
i
0
z
0
0
0
0
i
i
i
2
=
=
th
2
-
2
1
=
2
2
2
=
=
=
is even, we need
-
=
is the low frequency gain of the transfer function. The filter names are often
1
=
=
0
=
=
=
=
To understand the working of four types of second order filters, namely, Low
Pass, High Pass, Band Pass, and Band Stop filters, and study their frequency
characteristics (phase and magnitude).
=
=
=
H Q
Q
0
=
=
=
=
H Q
Q
-
1
-
1
1
10
2
1
~
1
1
0
1
10
2
1
~
1
10
1
0
1
10
kHz
b
b
R
b
b
b
b
b
b
-
4
0
1
1
1
1
-
4
0
kHz
1
1
1
1
RC
kHz
RC
Q
b
1
b
1
Q
+
+
+
+
kHz
1
+
+
+
+
kHz
a
1
2
a
2
b
2
-
b
2
-
+
Q
1
H
+
Q
~
~
1
H
~
~
~
~
~
~
+
H
+
0
H
2
s
0
s
0
2
0
s
0
s
0
s
0
s
0
0
~
0
s
~
s
$
s
Q
Q
0
Q
Q
$
Q
s
H
Q
0
Q
Q
H
~
$
2
0
~
0
Goal of the experiment
s
$
2
2
2
s
0
+
+
~
+
l
+
0
+
~
+
2
0
+
l
+
0
s
2
2
Figure 4.1: A Second-order Universal Active Filter
2
s
$
l
0
$
0
l
H
~
~
k
~
~
~
H
s
~
s
k
C
~
s
~
s
s
s
s
s
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
0
~
2
2
0
2
2
0
2
2
0
2
2
0
~
~
~
~
Q
~
Q
N
N
N
H
V
V
2
V
V
d
-
H Q
N
N
2
2
2
d
f
2
V
V
l
V
V
l
l
l
l
l
03
01
02
l
04
l
~
0
0
z
~
0
0
0
0
i
i
i
i
0
=
th
2
=
=
2
-
2
1
=
=
=
=
0
=
=
=
=
H Q
Q
V
-
1
1
1
10
2
1
~
1
0
I
1
10
second order filters. Please listen to the recorded lecture
b
b
kHz
b
b
BPF
-
4
0
1
1
1
1
~
~
~
~
~
kHz
~
N
N
N
H
-
H Q
Q
Q
N
N
V
V
V
V
d
d
2
RC
V
f
f
V
V
V
Q
b
1
R/H
Q•R
03
+
01
+
02
04
+
kHz
0
+
1
0
z
~
~
0
0
0
0
i
i
i
i
0
=
=
th
~
H
a
2
~
~
-
~
H Q
~
Q
~
N
N
N
V
V
V
V
2
d
=
=
2
-
2
N
N
1
=
d
2
V
b
V
V
V
2
=
-
=
=
R
03
01
02
04
0
=
=
=
=
+
1
H Q
Q
Q
~
~
0
0
H
i
0
z
0
0
0
0
~
i
~
i
i
th
~
~
-
2
0
2
2
=
=
1
10
-
1
1
=
+
H
~
1
=
10
=
2
order filters, for
1
1
0
0
=
0
=
2
0
s
0
=
=
H Q
Q
1
10
s
s
0
s
0
b
~
kHz
b
b
b
-
second order filters and one first order filter. When
$
s
Q
Q
0
Q
Q
4
0
1
1
1
-
1
2
H
1
1
1
~
kHz
1
0
1
10
kHz
RC
~
$
2
0
Q
b
s
b
b
b
2
b
1
+
+
kHz
0
+
+
-
4
0
+
1
+
1
~
+
1
l
1
+
1
2
kHz
2
0
a
RC
s
b
2
b
2
1
Q
-
$
l
+
+
0
+
+
1
Q
+
kHz
H
1
~
~
~
a
H
~
2
~
~
k
~
~
s
b
s
2
+
H
s
-
s
0
+
2
Q
s
0
1
s
0
H
s
0
s
0
0
2
0
~
2
0
~
2
~
0
~
2
0
~
2
2
s
2
2
Q
$
Q
0
Q
Q
H
+
H
l
2
l
0
l
l
~
s
0
s
0
2
s
0
0
s
0
R
$
~
s
2
$
Q
s
0
Q
0
Q
Q
+
+
~
+
l
+
H
C
2
0
s
~
2
0
2
$
2
s
$
l
0
0
+
~
+
+
l
+
2
0
H
~
~
k
~
~
2
s
s
s
s
s
$
0
l
0
2
0
2
0
0
2
~
0
2
H
2
~
2
k
~
2
~
2
s
s
s
s
l
l
l
l
2
0
0
~
2
0
2
0
2
~
LPF
0
~
-
~
~
Q
~
Q
N
N
N
H
V
V
2
V
V
d
H Q
N
N
2
2
2
d
2
V
V
V
V
l
l
03
01
02
l
04
l
~
~
0
0
i
0
z
0
0
0
0
i
i
i
BSF
th
2
2
2
=
=
-
1
=
=
=
=
0
=
=
=
=
H Q
Q
-
1
1
10
2
1
~
1
0
1
10
R
R
b
b
b
b
. When N is odd, the
-
4
0
1
1
1
1
kHz
RC
b
1
Q
+
+
+
+
kHz
1
a
2
b
2
-
+
Q
1
H
~
~
~
~
+
H
2
0
s
0
s
0
0
0
s
~
s
$
Q
s
Q
0
Q
Q
H
~
0
$
2
2
s
0
+
~
+
+
l
+
0
2
2
s
$
0
l
~
H
~
k
~
~
s
s
s
s
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
2
2
R
2
~
~
~
~
~
~
N
N
N
H
-
H Q
Q
Q
N
N
l
V
l
V
V
V
d
d
2
V
l
l
V
V
V
03
01
02
04
0
0
z
~
~
0
0
0
0
i
i
i
i
0
th
2
=
=
2
-
2
1
=
=
=
=
0
=
=
=
=
H Q
Q
-
1
~
1
10
2
1
1
0
1
10
~
b
~
~
~
~
Q
~
N
N
N
H
V
b
V
V
b
V
b
d
-
H Q
N
N
d
2
V
V
V
V
4
0
1
1
-
1
1
kHz
03
01
02
04
~
RC
0
0
z
~
0
0
0
0
i
i
i
i
0
th
b
1
Q
2
=
2
-
2
+
+
1
=
kHz
+
+
=
1
=
=
2
0
=
a
=
=
=
H Q
Q
order
b
2
-
-
+
1
Q
1
1
2
H
~
1
~
and
1
~
~
~
0
1
10
HPF
+
b
b
H
b
b
0
2
s
0
-
4
0
s
1
0
1
s
1
0
s
1
0
~
kHz
RC
s
Q
$
Q
0
Q
Q
Q
H
b
1
+
+
+
+
kHz
~
2
1
0
$
s
a
2
2
0
b
2
+
+
~
-
+
l
+
2
0
+
Q
s
1
2
H
~
~
~
~
$
l
0
+
H
H
~
0
~
k
~
2
s
0
s
0
~
s
s
0
s
0
s
s
~
s
$
s
Q
Q
0
Q
Q
0
H
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
2
~
$
2
2
0
2
s
2
l
Figure 4.2: Magnitude and Phase response of LPF, BPF, BSF, and HPF filters
l
l
l
0
+
+
~
+
l
+
2
0
s
2
$
l
0
Band Pass Filter
H
Band Stop Filter
~
~
k
~
~
High Pass Filter
s
s
s
s
Low Pass Filter
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
2
2
2
l
l
l
l
Table 4.1: Transfer functions of Active Filters
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
Q
~
Q
Q
~
Q
~
~
Q
~
Q
Q
Q
H
H
H
H
-
-
-
-
H Q
H Q
H Q
H Q
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
d
d
d
d
N
d
d
d
d
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
2
2
2
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
03
03
03
03
01
01
01
01
02
02
02
02
04
04
04
04
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
i
i
i
i
0
0
0
0
z
z
z
z
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
=
=
=
=
=
=
Analog System Lab Kit PRO
=
=
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
4
2
2
2
2
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
1
1
1
1
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0
0
0
0
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Q
Q
Q
Q
H Q
H Q
H Q
H Q
$
-
-
-
-
1
1
1
10
1
10
10
10
1
1
1
1
10
10
10
10
V
~
~
~
~
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
10
10
10
10
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
b
b
b
b
p
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
0
0
0
0
-
-
-
-
4
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
RC
RC
RC
RC
Q
Q
Q
Q
b
b
b
b
1
1
1
1
kHz
kHz
kHz
kHz
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
1
1
1
1
a
a
a
a
2
2
2
2
b
b
b
b
2
2
2
2
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
1
1
Q
1
Q
1
Q
Q
H
H
H
H
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
+
+
+
+
H
H
H
H
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
s
s
s
0
s
0
0
0
s
s
s
0
s
0
0
0
s
s
s
0
s
0
0
0
s
s
s
0
s
0
0
0
~
~
~
~
s
s
s
s
$
$
$
$
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
0
0
0
0
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
H
H
H
H
~
~
~
~
2
2
2
0
2
0
0
0
$
$
$
$
s
s
s
s
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
+
+
+
+
~
~
~
~
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
l
+
l
l
l
+
+
+
+
2
2
2
0
2
0
0
0
s
s
s
s
2
2
2
2
$
$
$
$
0
0
0
0
l
l
l
l
H
H
H
H
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
k
k
k
k
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
0
2
0
0
0
2
2
2
0
2
0
0
0
2
2
2
0
2
0
0
0
2
2
2
0
2
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l