ATMEGA168-15AZ Atmel, ATMEGA168-15AZ Datasheet - Page 273
![MCU AVR 16K FLASH 15MHZ 32-TQFP](/photos/6/91/69154/313-32-tqfp_sml.jpg)
ATMEGA168-15AZ
Manufacturer Part Number
ATMEGA168-15AZ
Description
MCU AVR 16K FLASH 15MHZ 32-TQFP
Manufacturer
Atmel
Series
AVR® ATmegar
Datasheet
1.ATMEGA168-15AZ.pdf
(340 pages)
Specifications of ATMEGA168-15AZ
Package / Case
32-TQFP, 32-VQFP
Voltage - Supply (vcc/vdd)
2.7 V ~ 5.5 V
Operating Temperature
-40°C ~ 125°C
Speed
16MHz
Number Of I /o
23
Eeprom Size
512 x 8
Core Processor
AVR
Program Memory Type
FLASH
Ram Size
1K x 8
Program Memory Size
16KB (16K x 8)
Data Converters
A/D 8x10b
Oscillator Type
Internal
Peripherals
Brown-out Detect/Reset, POR, PWM, WDT
Connectivity
I²C, SPI, UART/USART
Core Size
8-Bit
Cpu Family
ATmega
Device Core
AVR
Device Core Size
8b
Frequency (max)
16MHz
Interface Type
2-Wire/USART/Serial
Total Internal Ram Size
1KB
# I/os (max)
23
Number Of Timers - General Purpose
3
Operating Supply Voltage (typ)
3.3/5V
Operating Supply Voltage (max)
5.5V
Operating Supply Voltage (min)
2.7V
On-chip Adc
8-chx10-bit
Instruction Set Architecture
RISC
Operating Temp Range
-40C to 125C
Operating Temperature Classification
Automotive
Mounting
Surface Mount
Pin Count
32
Package Type
TQFP
Lead Free Status / RoHS Status
Lead free / RoHS Compliant
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Company
Part Number
Manufacturer
Quantity
Price
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24.7.10
7530I–AVR–02/10
Preventing Flash Corruption
The algorithm for reading the Fuse Low byte is similar to the one described above for reading
the Lock bits. To read the Fuse Low byte, load the Z-pointer with 0x0000 and set the BLBSET
and SELFPRGEN bits in SPMCSR. When an LPM instruction is executed within three cycles
after the BLBSET and SELFPRGEN bits are set in the SPMCSR, the value of the Fuse Low byte
(FLB) will be loaded in the destination register as shown below. Refer to
for a detailed description and mapping of the Fuse Low byte.
Similarly, when reading the Fuse High byte, load 0x0003 in the Z-pointer. When an LPM instruc-
tion is executed within three cycles after the BLBSET and SELFPRGEN bits are set in the
SPMCSR, the value of the Fuse High byte (FHB) will be loaded in the destination register as
shown below. Refer to
High byte.
When reading the Extended Fuse byte, load 0x0002 in the Z-pointer. When an LPM instruction
is executed within three cycles after the BLBSET and SELFPRGEN bits are set in the SPMCSR,
the value of the Extended Fuse byte (EFB) will be loaded in the destination register as shown
below. Refer to
Fuse byte.
Fuse and Lock bits that are programmed, will be read as zero. Fuse and Lock bits that are
unprogrammed, will be read as one.
During periods of low V
too low for the CPU and the Flash to operate properly. These issues are the same as for board
level systems using the Flash, and the same design solutions should be applied.
A Flash program corruption can be caused by two situations when the voltage is too low. First, a
regular write sequence to the Flash requires a minimum voltage to operate correctly. Secondly,
the CPU itself can execute instructions incorrectly, if the supply voltage for executing instructions
is too low.
Flash corruption can easily be avoided by following these design recommendations (one is
sufficient):
Bit
Rd
Bit
Rd
Bit
Rd
1. If there is no need for a Boot Loader update in the system, program the Boot Loader
2. Keep the AVR RESET active (low) during periods of insufficient power supply voltage.
3. Keep the AVR core in Power-down sleep mode during periods of low V
Lock bits to prevent any Boot Loader software updates.
This can be done by enabling the internal Brown-out Detector (BOD) if the operating
voltage matches the detection level. If not, an external low V
can be used. If a reset occurs while a write operation is in progress, the write operation
will be completed provided that the power supply voltage is sufficient.
vent the CPU from attempting to decode and execute instructions, effectively protecting
the SPMCSR Register and thus the Flash from unintentional writes.
FHB7
FLB7
Table 25-4 on page 280
7
7
7
–
Table 25-6 on page 281
CC
FHB6
FLB6
, the Flash program can be corrupted because the supply voltage is
6
6
6
–
FLB5
FHB5
5
5
5
–
ATmega48/88/168 Automotive
for detailed description and mapping of the Extended
FLB4
FHB4
4
4
4
–
for detailed description and mapping of the Fuse
FLB3
FHB3
EFB3
3
3
3
FHB2
EFB2
FLB2
2
2
2
CC
reset protection circuit
FHB1
FLB1
EFB1
Table 25-5 on page 280
1
1
1
CC
. This will pre-
FHB0
FLB0
EFB0
0
0
0
273
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