S3043 AMCC (Applied Micro Circuits Corp), S3043 Datasheet - Page 3

• Manufacturer Part Number: S3043
• Description: Bicmos Lvpecl Clock Generator Sonet/sdh/atm Oc-12 Transmitter And Sonet/sdh/atm Oc-48 16:1 Transmitter
• Manufacturer: AMCC (Applied Micro Circuits Corp)

SONET OVERVIEW
Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) is a standard
for connecting one fiber system to another at the opti-
cal level. SONET, together with the Synchronous
Digital Hierarchy (SDH) administered by the ITU-T,
forms a single international standard for fiber inter-
connect between telephone networks of different
countries. SONET is capable of accommodating a
variety of transmission rates and applications.
The SONET standard is a layered protocol with four
separate layers defined. These are:
• Photonic
• Section
• Line
• Path
Figure 3 shows the layers and their functions. Each of
the layers has overhead bandwidth dedicated to ad-
ministration and maintenance. The photonic layer
simply handles the conversion from electrical to opti-
cal and back with no overhead. It is responsible for
transmitting the electrical signals in optical form over
the physical media. The section layer handles the
transport of the framed electrical signals across the
optical cable from one end to the next. Key functions
of this layer are framing, scrambling, and error moni-
toring. The line layer is responsible for the reliable
transmission of the path layer information stream car-
rying voice, data, and video signals. Its main functions
are synchronization, multiplexing, and reliable trans-
port. The path layer is responsible for the actual trans-
port of services at the appropriate signaling rates.
Data Rates and Signal Hierarchy
Table 1 contains the data rates and signal designa-
tions of the SONET hierarchy. The lowest level is the
basic SONET signal referred to as the synchronous
transport signal level-1 (STS-1). An STS- N signal is
made up of N byte-interleaved STS-1 signals. The
optical counterpart of each STS- N signal is an opti-
cal carrier level- N signal (OC- N ). The S3044 chip
supports OC-48 rate (2.488 Gbps).
Figure 4. STS-48/OC-48 Frame Format
November 22, 1999 / Revision F
SONET/SDH/ATM OC-48 1:16 RECEIVER
A1 A1
A1 A1
48 A1
Bytes
Transport Overhead 144 Columns
144 x 9 = 1296 bytes
A2 A2
A2 A2
48 A2
Bytes
125 sec
Table 1. SONET Signal Hierarchy
Figure 3. SONET Structure
Frame and Byte Boundary Detection
The SONET/SDH fundamental frame format for STS-48
consists of 144 transport overhead bytes followed by
Synchronous Payload Envelope (SPE) bytes. This
pattern of 144 overhead and 4176 SPE bytes is re-
peated nine times in each frame. Frame and byte
boundaries are detected using the A1 and A2 bytes
found in the transport overhead. (See Figure 4.)
For more details on SONET operations, refer to the
Bellcore SONET standard document.
Payload to
SPE mapping
Functions
Maintenance,
protection,
switching
Scrambling,
framing
Optical
transmission
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2 -
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1 -
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2
4
8
Synchronous Payload Envelope 4176 Columns
4176 x 9 = 37,584 bytes
End Equipment
Photonic layer
Section layer
Line layer
Path layer
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Fiber Cable
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Photonic layer
Section layer
Line layer
Path layer
End Equipment
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(Embedded Ops
Layer Overhead
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S3044
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576 Kbps
192 Kbps
0 bps
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