ST92185B STMicroelectronics, ST92185B Datasheet - Page 32
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ST92185B
Manufacturer Part Number
ST92185B
Description
16k/24k/32k Rom Hcmos Mcu With On-screen-display
Manufacturer
STMicroelectronics
Datasheet
1.ST92185B.pdf
(178 pages)
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ST92185B - DEVICE ARCHITECTURE
SYSTEM REGISTERS (Cont’d)
state by setting the HIMP bit. When this bit is reset,
it has no effect.
Setting the HIMP bit is recommended for noise re-
duction when only internal Memory is used.
If Port 1 and/or 2 are declared as an address AND
as an I/O port (for example: P10... P14 = Address,
and P15... P17 = I/O), the HIMP bit has no effect
on the I/O lines.
2.3.6 Stack Pointers
Two separate, double-register stack pointers are
available: the System Stack Pointer and the User
Stack Pointer, both of which can address registers
or memory.
The stack pointers point to the “bottom” of the
stacks which are filled using the push commands
and emptied using the pop commands. The stack
pointer is automatically pre-decremented when
data is “pushed” in and post-incremented when
data is “popped” out.
The push and pop commands used to manage the
System Stack may be addressed to the User
Stack by adding the suffix “u”. To use a stack in-
struction for a word, the suffix “w” is added. These
suffixes may be combined.
When bytes (or words) are “popped” out from a
stack, the contents of the stack locations are un-
changed until fresh data is loaded. Thus, when
data is “popped” from a stack area, the stack con-
tents remain unchanged.
Note: Instructions such as: pushuw
pushw RR238,
pop instructions (where R236 & R237, and R238
& R239 are themselves the user and system stack
pointers respectively), must not be used, since the
pointer values are themselves automatically
changed by the push or pop instruction, thus cor-
rupting their value.
System Stack
The System Stack is used for the temporary stor-
age of system and/or control data, such as the
Flag register and the Program counter.
The following automatically push data onto the
System Stack:
– Interrupts
When entering an interrupt, the PC and the Flag
Register are pushed onto the System Stack. If the
ENCSR bit in the EMR2 register is set, then the
32/178
as well as the corresponding
RR236 or
Code Segment Register is also pushed onto the
System Stack.
– Subroutine Calls
When a call instruction is executed, only the PC
is pushed onto stack, whereas when a calls in-
struction (call segment) is executed, both the PC
and the Code Segment Register are pushed onto
the System Stack.
– Link Instruction
The link or linku instructions create a C lan-
guage stack frame of user-defined length in the
System or User Stack.
All of the above conditions are associated with
their counterparts, such as return instructions,
which pop the stored data items off the stack.
User Stack
The User Stack provides a totally user-controlled
stacking area.
The User Stack Pointer consists of two registers,
R236 and R237, which are both used for address-
ing a stack in memory. When stacking in the Reg-
ister File, the User Stack Pointer High Register,
R236, becomes redundant but must be consid-
ered as reserved.
Stack Pointers
Both System and User stacks are pointed to by
double-byte stack pointers. Stacks may be set up
in RAM or in the Register File. Only the lower byte
will be required if the stack is in the Register File.
The upper byte must then be considered as re-
served and must not be used as a general purpose
register.
The stack pointer registers are located in the Sys-
tem Group of the Register File, this is illustrated in
Table 2 System Registers (Group
Stack Location
Care is necessary when managing stacks as there
is no limit to stack sizes apart from the bottom of
any address space in which the stack is placed.
Consequently programmers are advised to use a
stack pointer value as high as possible, particular-
ly when using the Register File as a stacking area.
Group D is a good location for a stack in the Reg-
ister File, since it is the highest available area. The
stacks may be located anywhere in the first 14
groups of the Register File (internal stacks) or in
RAM (external stacks).
Note. Stacks must not be located in the Paged
Register Group or in the System Register Group.
E).