AT90PWM216-16SE ATMEL [ATMEL Corporation], AT90PWM216-16SE Datasheet - Page 214

• Manufacturer Part Number: AT90PWM216-16SE
• Description: 8-bit Microcontroller with 16K Bytes In-System Programmable flash
• Manufacturer: ATMEL [ATMEL Corporation]

19.3.2
19.3.3
214
AT90PWM216/316
Parity Bit Calculation
Manchester encoding
The frame format used by the EUSART can be configured through the following
USART/EUSART registers:
USBS (UCSRC register of USART) and EUSBS (EUCSRB register of EUSART) select the num-
ber of stop bits to be processed respectively by the transmiter and the receiver. The receiver
stores the two stop bit values when configured in Manchester mode. When configured in level
encoded mode, the second stop bit is ignored (behavior similar as the USART).
The parity bit behavior is similar to the USART mode, except for the Manchester encoded mode,
where no parity bit can be inserted or detected (should be configured to none with the UPM1:0
bits. The parity bit is calculated by doing an exclusive-or of all the data bits. If odd parity is used,
the result of the exclusive or is inverted. The relation between the parity bit and data bits is as
follows:
If used, the parity bit is located between the last data bit and first stop bit of a serial frame.
Manchester encoding (also know as Biphase Code) is a synchronous clock encoding technique
used to encode the clock and data of a synchronous bit stream. In this technique, the actual
binary data to be transmitted are not sent as a sequence of logic 1's and 0's as in level encoded
way as in standard USART (known technically as Non Return to Zero (NRZ)). Instead, the bits
are translated into a slightly different format that has a number of advantages over using straight
binary encoding (i.e. NRZ).
Manchester encoding follows the rules:
• UTxS3:0 and URxS3:0 (EUCSRA of EUSART register) select the number of data bits per
• UPM1:0 bits enable and set the type of parity bit (when configured in Manchester mode, the
• If the original data is a Logic 1, the Manchester code is: 0 to 1 (upward transition at bit center)
• If the original data is a Logic 0, the Manchester code is: 1 to 0 (downward transition at bit
frame
parity should be fixed to none).
center)
– Stop bits insertion for transmition
– Stop bits value read access in reception
P
P
d
odd
n
even
Parity bit using even parity
Parity bit using odd parity
Data bit n of the character
P
P
even
odd
=
=
d
d
n 1
n 1
–
–
⊕
⊕
…
…
⊕
⊕
d
d
3
3
⊕
⊕
d
d
2
2
⊕
⊕
d
d
1
1
⊕
⊕
d
d
0
0
⊕
⊕
0
1
7710D–AVR–08/09