ata6616 ATMEL Corporation, ata6616 Datasheet - Page 150
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ata6616
Manufacturer Part Number
ata6616
Description
Microcontroller With Lin Transceiver, 5v Regulator And Watchdog
Manufacturer
ATMEL Corporation
Datasheet
1.ATA6616.pdf
(310 pages)
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ATA6616/ATA6617 [Preliminary]
The Timer/Counter Overflow Flag (TOV1) is set each time the counter reaches TOP. In addition
the OC1A or ICF1 flag is set at the same timer clock cycle as TOV1 is set when either OCR1A or
ICR1 is used for defining the TOP value. If one of the interrupts are enabled, the interrupt han-
dler routine can be used for updating the TOP and compare values.
When changing the TOP value the program must ensure that the new TOP value is higher or
equal to the value of all of the Compare Registers. If the TOP value is lower than any of the
Compare Registers, a compare match will never occur between the TCNT1 and the OCR1A/B.
Note that when using fixed TOP values the unused bits are masked to zero when any of the
OCR1A/B Registers are written.
The procedure for updating ICR1 differs from updating OCR1A when used for defining the TOP
value. The ICR1 Register is not double buffered. This means that if ICR1 is changed to a low
value when the counter is running with none or a low prescaler value, there is a risk that the new
ICR1 value written is lower than the current value of TCNT1. The result will then be that the
counter will miss the compare match at the TOP value. The counter will then have to count to the
MAX value (0xFFFF) and wrap around starting at 0x0000 before the compare match can occur.
The OCR1A Register however, is double buffered. This feature allows the OCR1A I/O location
to be written anytime. When the OCR1A I/O location is written the value written will be put into
the OCR1A Buffer Register. The OCR1A Compare Register will then be updated with the value
in the Buffer Register at the next timer clock cycle the TCNT1 matches TOP. The update is done
at the same timer clock cycle as the TCNT1 is cleared and the TOV1 flag is set.
Using the ICR1 Register for defining TOP works well when using fixed TOP values. By using
ICR1, the OCR1A Register is free to be used for generating a PWM output on OC1A. However,
if the base PWM frequency is actively changed (by changing the TOP value), using the OCR1A
as TOP is clearly a better choice due to its double buffer feature.
In fast PWM mode, the compare units allow generation of PWM waveforms on the OC1A/B pins.
Setting the COM1x1:0 bits to two will produce a non-inverted PWM and an inverted PWM output
can be generated by setting the COM1A/B1:0 to three (see
OC1A/B value will only be visible on the port pin if the data direction for the port pin is set as out-
put (DDR_OC1A/B) and OC1A/Bi is set. The PWM waveform is generated by setting (or
clearing) the OC1A/B Register at the compare match between OCR1A/B and TCNT1, and clear-
ing (or setting) the OC1A/B Register at the timer clock cycle the counter is cleared (changes
from TOP to BOTTOM).
The PWM frequency for the output can be calculated by the following equation:
The N variable represents the prescaler divider (1, 8, 64, 256, or 1024).
The extreme values for the OCR1A/B Register represents special cases when generating a
PWM waveform output in the fast PWM mode. If the OCR1A/B is set equal to BOTTOM
(0x0000) the output will be a narrow spike for each TOP+1 timer clock cycle. Setting the
OCR1A/B equal to TOP will result in a constant high or low output (depending on the polarity of
the output set by the COM1A/B1:0 bits.)
f
OCnxPWM
=
------------------------------------- -
N
f
clk_I/O
1
+
TOP
DRAFT
Table 4-35 on page
158). The actual
9132A–AUTO–10/08
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