atmega32c1 ATMEL Corporation, atmega32c1 Datasheet - Page 112

• Manufacturer Part Number: atmega32c1
• Description: Atmega32m1 Automotive 8-bit Avr Microcontroller With 32k/64k Bytes In-system Programmable Flash
• Manufacturer: ATMEL Corporation

13.4
112
Counter Unit
ATmega32/64/M1/C1
The main part of the 16-bit Timer/Counter is the programmable 16-bit bi-directional counter unit.
Figure 13-2
Figure 13-2. Counter Unit Block Diagram
Signal description (internal signals):
The 16-bit counter is mapped into two 8-bit I/O memory locations: Counter High (TCNTnH) con-
taining the upper eight bits of the counter, and Counter Low (TCNTnL) containing the lower eight
bits. The TCNTnH Register can only be indirectly accessed by the CPU. When the CPU does an
access to the TCNTnH I/O location, the CPU accesses the high byte temporary register (TEMP).
The temporary register is updated with the TCNTnH value when the TCNTnL is read, and
TCNTnH is updated with the temporary register value when TCNTnL is written. This allows the
CPU to read or write the entire 16-bit counter value within one clock cycle via the 8-bit data bus.
It is important to notice that there are special cases of writing to the TCNTn Register when the
counter is counting that will give unpredictable results. The special cases are described in the
sections where they are of importance.
Depending on the mode of operation used, the counter is cleared, incremented, or decremented
at each timer clock (clk
selected by the Clock Select bits (CSn2:0). When no clock source is selected (CSn2:0 = 0) the
timer is stopped. However, the TCNTn value can be accessed by the CPU, independent of
whether clk
count operations.
The counting sequence is determined by the setting of the Waveform Generation mode bits
(WGMn3:0) located in the Timer/Counter Control Registers A and B (TCCRnA and TCCRnB).
There are close connections between how the counter behaves (counts) and how waveforms
are generated on the Output Compare outputs OCnx. For more details about advanced counting
sequences and waveform generation, see
The Timer/Counter Overflow Flag (TOVn) is set according to the mode of operation selected by
the WGMn3:0 bits. TOVn can be used for generating a CPU interrupt.
Count
Direction
Clear
clk
TOP
BOTTOM
RTG
T
n
TCNTnH (8-bit)
TEMP (8-bit)
T
shows a block diagram of the counter and its surroundings.
n
Increment or decrement TCNTn by 1.
Select between increment and decrement.
Clear TCNTn (set all bits to zero).
Timer/Counter clock.
Signalize that TCNTn has reached maximum value.
Signalize that TCNTn has reached minimum value (zero).
An external event (ICP1A or ICP1B) asks for a TOP like action.
is present or not. A CPU write overrides (has priority over) all counter clear or
TCNTn (16-bit Counter)
DATA BUS
T
n
TCNTnL (8-bit)
). The clk
(8-bit)
T
n
can be generated from an external or internal clock source,
Direction
Count
Clear
“16-bit Timer/Counter1 with PWM” on page
RTG
Control Logic
TOP BOTTOM
TOVn
(Int.Req.)
clk
Tn
Clock Select
( From Prescaler )
Detector
Edge
Tn
7647A–AVR–02/08
106.