ATMEGA128A-ANR Atmel, ATMEGA128A-ANR Datasheet - Page 238

• Manufacturer Part Number: ATMEGA128A-ANR
• Description: IC MCU AVR 128K FLASH 64TQFP
• Manufacturer: Atmel
• Series: AVR® ATmegar

Specifications of ATMEGA128A-ANR

• Core Processor: AVR
• Core Size: 8-Bit
• Speed: 16MHz
• Connectivity: EBI/EMI, I²C, SPI, UART/USART
• Peripherals: Brown-out Detect/Reset, POR, PWM, WDT
• Number Of I /o: 53
• Program Memory Size: 128KB (64K x 16)
• Program Memory Type: FLASH
• Eeprom Size: 4K x 8
• Ram Size: 4K x 8
• Voltage - Supply (vcc/vdd): 2.7 V ~ 5.5 V
• Data Converters: A/D 8x10b
• Oscillator Type: Internal
• Operating Temperature: -40°C ~ 85°C
• Package / Case: 64-TQFP
• Core: AVR8
• Lead Free Status / RoHS Status: Lead free / RoHS Compliant

23.5.1
23.6
8151H–AVR–02/11
Changing Channel or Reference Selection
Differential Gain Channels
Table 23-1.
When using differential gain channels, certain aspects of the conversion need to be taken into
consideration.
Differential conversions are synchronized to the internal clock CK
clock. This synchronization is done automatically by the ADC interface in such a way that the
sample-and-hold occurs at a specific edge of CK
all single conversions, and the first free running conversion) when CK
same amount of time as a single ended conversion (13 ADC clock cycles from the next pres-
caled clock cycle). A conversion initiated by the user when CK
cycles due to the synchronization mechanism. In free running mode, a new conversion is initi-
ated immediately after the previous conversion completes, and since CK
all automatically started (that is, all but the first) free running conversions will take 14 ADC clock
cycles.
The gain stage is optimized for a bandwidth of 4kHz at all gain settings. Higher frequencies may
be subjected to non-linear amplification. An external low-pass filter should be used if the input
signal contains higher frequency components than the gain stage bandwidth. Note that the ADC
clock frequency is independent of the gain stage bandwidth limitation. For example the ADC
clock period may be 6 µs, allowing a channel to be sampled at 12 kSPS, regardless of the band-
width of this channel.
The MUXn and REFS1:0 bits in the ADMUX Register are single buffered through a temporary
register to which the CPU has random access. This ensures that the channels and reference
selection only takes place at a safe point during the conversion. The channel and reference
selection is continuously updated until a conversion is started. Once the conversion starts, the
channel and reference selection is locked to ensure a sufficient sampling time for the ADC. Con-
tinuous updating resumes in the last ADC clock cycle before the conversion completes (ADIF in
ADCSRA is set). Note that the conversion starts on the following rising ADC clock edge after
ADSC is written. The user is thus advised not to write new channel or reference selection values
to ADMUX until one ADC clock cycle after ADSC is written.
Special care should be taken when changing differential channels. Once a differential channel
has been selected, the gain stage may take as much as 125 µs to stabilize to the new value.
Thus conversions should not be started within the first 125 µs after selecting a new differential
channel. Alternatively, conversion results obtained within this period should be discarded.
The same settling time should be observed for the first differential conversion after changing
ADC reference (by changing the REFS1:0 bits in ADMUX).
If the JTAG Interface is enabled, the function of ADC channels on PORTF7:4 is overridden.
Refer to
Condition
First conversion
Normal conversions, single ended
Normal conversions, differential
Table 12-17, “Port F Pins Alternate Functions,” on page
ADC Conversion Time
Sample & Hold (Cycles from Start
of Conversion)
ADC2
1.5/2.5
13.5
. A conversion initiated by the user (that is,
1.5
ADC2
83.
is high will take 14 ADC clock
ADC2
ATmega128A
ADC2
ADC2
equal to half the ADC
Conversion Time
(Cycles)
is low will take the
is high at this time,
13/14
25
13
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